Zari Saeidi; Zahra Tahavori
Abstract
With the globalization of Technology and the rapid development of the information technology, using computers and other technological tools in teaching is of utmost significance. Following this line of approach, teachers and instructors in the field of teaching language should also use these tools to ...
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With the globalization of Technology and the rapid development of the information technology, using computers and other technological tools in teaching is of utmost significance. Following this line of approach, teachers and instructors in the field of teaching language should also use these tools to enhance effective teaching. The finding of research studies indicate that although most teachers and instructors are willing to utilize these tools in teaching language skills, they refuse to do it due to their fear/phobia towards the use of technology tools in their classrooms. Therefore, the thrust of the present paper had been to investigate the ‘how’ of the probable relationship between the technophobia and computer literacy variables in the instructors of Persian/Farsi to non-native learners. To this end, 40 instructors of the two centers of teaching Persian to non-Persian speakers were randomly selected using the convenience sampling technique. They were then asked to respond to three questionnaires of demographic information, assessment of the level of Computer Literacy developed by Son, Robb, Charismiadji (2011) and Computer Anxiety by Rosen and Weil (1995). The findings showed a significant (at 0.05 probability level) and negative relationship between the two variables i.e. the fear of technology or technophobia and computer literacy. In other words, teachers with more computer literacy, had less fear of technology (Technophobia). That is, those language instructors/teachers who had more fear of technology or were more technophobic, had lower levels of computer literacy. The results of the present study provided the educational planners/stakeholders with some strategies for educating teachers/instructors of Persian and posed some suggestions for a more efficient process of teaching Persian language based on the new needs of the use of technology in education.
Monire Shahbaz
Abstract
Language learners are often expected to achieve an acceptable level in grammar, which is considered as the basis for all human languages. Teaching grammar was the main component of language teaching methods in the past. Even the communicative approach, the most widely-accepted teaching approach today, ...
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Language learners are often expected to achieve an acceptable level in grammar, which is considered as the basis for all human languages. Teaching grammar was the main component of language teaching methods in the past. Even the communicative approach, the most widely-accepted teaching approach today, did not ignore teaching grammar. Although teaching grammar was viewed as unimportant and laid aside for a short period of time, researchers and authors later realized that without teaching grammar, language learning would be of poor quality; as a result, they referred back to teaching grammar. All these point to the fact that mastery over grammar could help the learners in better comprehending and producing language. The present study is an attempt to present a framework on the basis of Keck and Kim (2014) for evaluating Persian grammar teaching textbooks. The name “Kem” is coined in the present study and is composed of 28 likert-scale questions. The “Kem” framework is made up of two main parts: explanations and activities.
saadollah homayooni; adnan tahmasbi
Abstract
Syntax, as a major element of message transfer, holds a special position in linguistic research. A major part of the latest theories such as structuralism and functionalism depends largely on syntax, i.e. how to analyze grammatical constructs and other linguistic elements and non-linguistic infrastructures. ...
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Syntax, as a major element of message transfer, holds a special position in linguistic research. A major part of the latest theories such as structuralism and functionalism depends largely on syntax, i.e. how to analyze grammatical constructs and other linguistic elements and non-linguistic infrastructures. The present research study sought to explore the components of functionalist syntax theory, its difference with traditional Arabic syntax theory, and its role in explaining the process of communication. To do so, the researchers aimed to analyze the syntactic approach of Ahmad al-Mutawakul on a pragmatic level using a descriptive-analytical approach. According to this approach, language is used as a means to realize communication in human societies. The results of the study indicated the application of the pragmatic level of applied syntax can provide realistic components appropriate to the reality of the Arabic language and its use in the spoken language community
Ali Sayadani; Abdolahad gheibi; Sepideh bagheri ozan
Abstract
Text linguistics is a new discipline of language research that extends beyond the sentence level and focuses on the text as the most significant linguistic unit. The problem-solution model developed by Hoey is one of the most popular methodologies in Text Linguistics. This model, which consists of four ...
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Text linguistics is a new discipline of language research that extends beyond the sentence level and focuses on the text as the most significant linguistic unit. The problem-solution model developed by Hoey is one of the most popular methodologies in Text Linguistics. This model, which consists of four components: situation, problem, answer, and evaluation, studies how to create and comprehend text. The organization of the narrative text “Lann A'eish fi Gilbab Aby” by Ihsan Abdol Qoddous is examined and analyzed in this descriptive-analytical study. The narrative method of this novel can be analyzed with the problem-solution approach. The organization of this narrative text revolves around three main issues that are the novel's main pillars: Abdulwahab's frustration, Rosaline's isolation, and Nazira's marriage. This text offers multiple failed solutions for the first issue, and the evaluation is negative. Therefore, the original issue still has to be resolved while returning to the cycle. The second and third challenges are resolved without a lengthy recycle of favorable evaluation of the offered answers. According to the findings, the organization of the narrative text "Lann A'eish fi Gilbab Aby" is primarily compatible with the four aspects of the problem-solution pattern, and its structure adheres to this pattern.
Amir Ghorbanpour
Abstract
The present study aims at exploring head position in Persian syntactic phrases within the Optimality Theory framework. Making use of syntactic alignment constraints proposed by Grimshaw (2002), which is alternatively notated in this paper as Align-Left/Right(X, XP) (McCarthy, 2008), the study seeks to ...
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The present study aims at exploring head position in Persian syntactic phrases within the Optimality Theory framework. Making use of syntactic alignment constraints proposed by Grimshaw (2002), which is alternatively notated in this paper as Align-Left/Right(X, XP) (McCarthy, 2008), the study seeks to arrive at a consistent ranking of the relevant constraints being active in Persian with respect to the relative position of heads and complements within phrases. Bearing in mind the non-uniformity of head position across Persian syntactic phrases, it is concluded that the general constraint Align-Left (X, XP) is highly active and determinant in most of the syntactic structures in the language; also, the exceptions of head-finality, i.e. verb phrases and the direct object case marker ‘rā’, are accounted for by more specific, higher-ranked constraints of opposite value. These higher-ranked constraints are Align-Right(V, VP) and Align-Right(K, KP) respectively.
Hossein Hallajzadeh Bonab; Zahra Delgir
Abstract
Language as a social phenomenon is a reflection of thoughts and ideologies of actors and speakers. It contains the beliefs, worldviews, beliefs, and thoughts of its speakers. It constantly reflects immortalized and encrypted ideologies. Each speaker, from his own point of view, ascribes to the world, ...
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Language as a social phenomenon is a reflection of thoughts and ideologies of actors and speakers. It contains the beliefs, worldviews, beliefs, and thoughts of its speakers. It constantly reflects immortalized and encrypted ideologies. Each speaker, from his own point of view, ascribes to the world, its phenomena and realities, and looks from the angle of his own view to represent those realities. Ideologies are hidden within language and subtly submerged in social structures and become social conventions. Divorce demanding women, as social activists in the family courts, use a variety of linguistic strategies and tools in order to persuade and ideologically inspire their audience in the courts. To probe into the way divorce demanding women use negative constructs for ideological expression of their desires and persuading the judge, the present study explored negative constructs in divorce demanding women’s discourse in family courts based on van Dijk’s (2006) theory of society-Knowledge and discourse. A total of 60 meetings were attended in the counseling center of families of the Public and Revolutionary Tribunal of Zahedan and divorce demanding women’s remarks were collected. The findings of the study showed that the participants used negative construction in order to magnify their positive points and reduce negative points of themselves.
Sadegh Eftekhary Far; Sayed Farid Khalifehloo
Abstract
In recent years, a constraint-based framework adapted from Optimality Theory to describe and [1]analyses Speech language disordes. This article describes the syntactic structure of student “A” who is a persian male deaf student, based on violation nucleus constraints in the syntactic phrases. ...
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In recent years, a constraint-based framework adapted from Optimality Theory to describe and [1]analyses Speech language disordes. This article describes the syntactic structure of student “A” who is a persian male deaf student, based on violation nucleus constraints in the syntactic phrases. In this paper, we first briefly discuss about of Optimality Theory and then, some of sentences that has been obtained from this student by Speech Language pathologist analyses and describes. We find that, we could described and analysed syntactic disorders by Optimality Theory. Analasys and explaining the student’s sentences give us depper understanding of his syntactic structure. By this presuposition, we must supress markedness constraints by working on the faithfulness constrains. The faithfulness constraints education, the mentioned syntactic structure will closer and closer to a natural person. It is suggested that in order to fulfill this important point, in the subject of education, the nuclei of each phrase should be taught to the student first, and in the next step, complement should be gradually added to the nuclei.
Ameneh Karimi; Gholam Hosain Karimi Dootan
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate Malekshahi Kurdish metaphorical idioms with body part “dam”. Malekshahi is one main part of the Southern Kurdish in Ilam province. The data is collected from native speakers of Malekshahi Kurdish. A common part of metaphorical idioms of Malekshahi is ...
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The aim of the study is to investigate Malekshahi Kurdish metaphorical idioms with body part “dam”. Malekshahi is one main part of the Southern Kurdish in Ilam province. The data is collected from native speakers of Malekshahi Kurdish. A common part of metaphorical idioms of Malekshahi is investigated in the present research with a focus on two body parts “mouth” and “face” conceptualization, in light of cognitive semantic. Based on the research findings, a significant part of the metaphors has a structural nature. “Chewing”, “war”, “fire eruption” and “captivity” are some source domains and “debate”, “freedom”, “disregard”, “secrecy” and “sorrow” are some target domains of these metaphors. “container”, “volcano”, “animate”, “cage”, “respect” and “claim” are some cited mappings for word “dam” in Malekshahi Kurdish metaphors. The findings also show that “war” is the most frequent source domain and “heed” is the most frequent target domain in these metaphorical idioms. Differences between the frequency occurrence of these two domains arises from various mapping in frequent domains.
Seyede Sahar Javid; Jalal Rahimian; Amirsaeid Moloodi; Alireza Khormaee
Abstract
The present study aims at examining the possible relation between metaphor and impoliteness in the context of interpersonal media gossip. To this end, we collected data related to 20 celebrities (10 actors and 10 actresses) regarding 60 linguistic situations that occurred from August 2018 to April 2020. ...
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The present study aims at examining the possible relation between metaphor and impoliteness in the context of interpersonal media gossip. To this end, we collected data related to 20 celebrities (10 actors and 10 actresses) regarding 60 linguistic situations that occurred from August 2018 to April 2020. Words under examination were 51449. According to the findings of the study, human conceptualization based on source domains such as shit/ animal waste matter, useless things, cartoon/ fictional characters, useless money, dirty substance, imaginary/ metaphysical beings, mushroom, bread, weekdays, fat, and disease/blight were accompanied by impoliteness. These findings justify the role of impoliteness in confirming the direct relation between metaphor and impoliteness to the extent that human is considered as one of the above domains. Interpersonal media gossip prepares the grounds for the use of 345 metaphors along with impoliteness which has its roots in special features of this type of gossip. Among all source domains, concepts such as shit/ animal waste matter are of the highest frequencies. Among impoliteness strategies related to naming, one must point to the negative impoliteness sub-strategy. Language users attempt to hurt the positive face of people from themselves by using positive impoliteness.
Fereshteh Momeni
Abstract
Despite the importance of neologism during the children's language development as their first attempt to apply the “creative” feature of the language, it has been so far neglected in researches. The aim of the present study is to investigate an infrequent kind of neologism in children, emphasizing ...
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Despite the importance of neologism during the children's language development as their first attempt to apply the “creative” feature of the language, it has been so far neglected in researches. The aim of the present study is to investigate an infrequent kind of neologism in children, emphasizing the nature of language-related arousal. The method was descriptive-analytic, and the data were collected assisted by mothers, from the spontaneous speech of 8 children from the age of 20 months to 4 years old, during more than one year survey. Finding shows that not only arousal may effectuate the production of iconic non-words and onomatopoeia, but the phonotactic rules of the mother language in the child's non-words can also be violated under the influence of linguistic arousal. Furthermore, from the cognitive viewpoint, the more complicated concepts shape the more complicated phonological forms. Since this type of neologism has an entirely innovative morphology of coinage, they lack root and derivational morphemes, however sometimes children use them as the base of a compound verb.
Neda Bigdeli; Vahid Sadeghi
Abstract
The present study addressed the perception of English vowel contrasts /i-I/ and /u-U/ by Persian speakers in light of the theoretical assumptions underlying the Perceptual Assimilation Model. The lexical pair (feet-fit) and (fool-full) illustrating the contrasts /i-I/ and /u-U/ were extracted from a ...
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The present study addressed the perception of English vowel contrasts /i-I/ and /u-U/ by Persian speakers in light of the theoretical assumptions underlying the Perceptual Assimilation Model. The lexical pair (feet-fit) and (fool-full) illustrating the contrasts /i-I/ and /u-U/ were extracted from a natural English spoken corpus, and then duration, first and second formant frequencies were resynthesized. Persian native speakers completed a discrimination task on the non-native vowel contrast. Results suggested that responses are sensitive to variation in duration, and this sensitivity holds irrespective of whether the subjects are familiar with the English language or not. In contrast, variation in the first and second formant frequencies (as acoustic manifestation of vowel quality) failed to produce significant changes in the responses. Moreover, discrimination was not any better for the combinatory stimuli (duration + vowel quality) than the single stimuli duration. In sum, discrimination was consistent with the Perceptual Assimilation Model, showing that assimilation of the two vowel contrasts /i-I/ and /u-U/ with the Persian sound system is a two-category assimilation (TC) for which discrimination is highly accurate.
Kiumarth Khanbabazadeh; Moharram Rezayati Kishe Khale; Ali Taslimi
Abstract
Bilinguals transfer elements from their first language to their second language unintentionally due to their weakness in communicating in second language. This process is called linguistic interference in sociolinguistics and science of language teaching. Exploring the consequences of linguistic contact, ...
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Bilinguals transfer elements from their first language to their second language unintentionally due to their weakness in communicating in second language. This process is called linguistic interference in sociolinguistics and science of language teaching. Exploring the consequences of linguistic contact, linguistic interference, and bilingualism sheds lights on many issues and subjects and on developing educational materials in a multilingual community such as Iran where Farsi language is used for educational purposes. Therefore, the present study sought to explore the lexical interference in Taleshi-Farsi and Farsi-Taleshi bilinguals among the Talehshi-speaking community of Anbaran village and immigrants of this village to the west of Tehran through comparison between the two bilingual groups. The research data were obtained through a questionnaire and a number of sentences translated by bilingual people into each language. The subjects were randomly selected from among the inhabitants of Anbaran and the bilingual immigrants in the west of Tehran. It was revealed that interference from the first language to a second language occurs more frequently and the gender of the speakers also has a slight effect on linguistic interference.
Roohallah MuhamadAliNejadOmran; Hesam EmamiDanaloo
Abstract
The first five verses of Surah Al-Alaq, due to the available news based on the connection of these verses with the beginning of the revelation of the Holy Quran and the revelation of the Holy Prophet in Hara Cave, has always been the focus of Muslim and non-Muslim Islamic-scholars. Most scholars consider ...
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The first five verses of Surah Al-Alaq, due to the available news based on the connection of these verses with the beginning of the revelation of the Holy Quran and the revelation of the Holy Prophet in Hara Cave, has always been the focus of Muslim and non-Muslim Islamic-scholars. Most scholars consider these verses to be separated and unrelated to the other verses of this Surah. At first glance, the connection and cohesion between the words and phrases in the Qur’an’s Surahs may not be clear and there may not be clear message from it. The present study, based on Neal Robinson’s Communication Model, which is based on the repetition of words, analyzes the cohesion among the verses of Surah Al-Alaq and critiques of the content of the news about the revelation of the Holy Quran. By determining the parts of the Surah and investigating the relationship between sequential sections with the help of hooked words and also utilizing a Mirror Model (i.e., face to face), a connection between the first parts of Surah Al-Alaq (verses one to five) and other parts are established, and the cohesion among the verses of this Surah, which has been wisely devised, is proved. Also, the critique of the news in which the revelation of the verses of this Surah is assumed to be separated and the dating of Surah Al-Alaq shows that the first five verses of Surah Al-Alaq are completely related to other verses of this Surah.
Somayeh Mohammadi; Salahaddin Abdi
Abstract
The present study surveys the concept of sadness in those parts of Persian and Arabic languages which have been conceived and expressed through the source domain of container in order to illustrate the way speakers of the above languages think in this domain, as well as the similarities and differences ...
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The present study surveys the concept of sadness in those parts of Persian and Arabic languages which have been conceived and expressed through the source domain of container in order to illustrate the way speakers of the above languages think in this domain, as well as the similarities and differences between them. Moreover, the study intends to reveal the order behind the discrete and seemingly irregular expressions of the sad person as a container and describe its cognitive system. The method employed in this research is analytical-semantic. Conducting comparative studies, understanding how common concepts are structured in the conceptual system of speakers of different languages, and identifying culture-based metaphors play an important role in the cognitive understanding of cultures. For instance, through the results of the present study, it can be stated that Arabic speakers consider sadness to be mainly something that blocks their throats (غصّ، شجا، جرض for example); i.e. the blockage is prominent while Persian speakers consider sadness to be mainly something edible (غم/ غصه خورد meaning He ate sadness/grief). That is to say, the difficulty of swallowing is not prominent in Persian and the problem is that this food has accumulated in the heart (stomach) and puts this organ under pressure (دلم ترکید meaning My heart exploded), or that this food has wounded the heart (خونِ دل میخورد meaning Eating sadness caused the heart to bleed).
Ehsan Changizi
Abstract
Aban Yasht is the research on the 5th Yasht of Avesta which is carried out by Dr. Changiz Mowla’i and is published in 1392 (Persian calendar). The 5th Yasht pays tribute to Anahita, the Zoroastrian deity of the waters. In this article, the various parts of the book are introduced, and a short description ...
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Aban Yasht is the research on the 5th Yasht of Avesta which is carried out by Dr. Changiz Mowla’i and is published in 1392 (Persian calendar). The 5th Yasht pays tribute to Anahita, the Zoroastrian deity of the waters. In this article, the various parts of the book are introduced, and a short description of the author’s line of action is presented. Afterwards, ten major topics discussed in the book are scrutinized. To compile such a book, the author of Aban Yasht has referred to and quoted from many books and articles written in English, French and German. The points raised in this article are as follows: phoneme, grapheme, the concept of root, statement of the problem, the copula “is”, the pronoun “ya-”, translations, syntactic issues, compounding or compound, and the tone of writing. Some of the points raised in this article are of considerable importance not only in this book but also in most of the research studies on the Iranian ancient languages.
Bashir Jam; Marziyeh Esmaeili Dehkordi
Abstract
Recitation of the Holy Qur’an has its own phonological features. This paper discusses the two types of partial nasal place assimilation known as ‘Ikhfaa’ and ‘Iqlaab’ in Arabic. Ikhfaa occurs in the environment where the nasal alveolar /n/ precedes fifteen oral obstruents, ...
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Recitation of the Holy Qur’an has its own phonological features. This paper discusses the two types of partial nasal place assimilation known as ‘Ikhfaa’ and ‘Iqlaab’ in Arabic. Ikhfaa occurs in the environment where the nasal alveolar /n/ precedes fifteen oral obstruents, including /z/, /ẓ/, /s/, /ṣ/, /t/, /ṭ/, /d/, /ḍ/, /q/, /f/, /k/, /ʤ/, /ʃ/, /ð/ and /θ/. ‘Iqlaab’ occurs in the environment in which the nasal alveolar /n/ precedes the bilabial obstruent /b/. Since ‘Iqlaab’ also involves partial nasal place assimilation, it can be considered a type of Ikhfaa. This research aimed at identifying the constraints whose interactions cause different processes of partial nasal place assimilation in the recitation of the Holy Qur’an within the framework of optimality theory (Prince and Smolensky, 1993/2004). The results indicate that ‘AGREE [place]’ is the key markedness constrain accounted for partial nasal place assimilation in ‘Ikhfaa’ and ‘Iqlaab’. In addition, *[-long N]Obs is the markedness constrain responsible for nasals before an obstruent..
Sepehr Seddiqi-nejad; Abbas Ali Ahangar; Behrooz Barjasteh Delforooz; Shahla Sharifi
Abstract
Based on linguistic typology approach and after analyzing the case-marking and agreement systems in (North and South) Bashāgardi according to Comrie (1978) and precise evaluation of findings according to the new theory of Zwart and Lindenbergh (2021), the present study aims to achieve a deeper explanation ...
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Based on linguistic typology approach and after analyzing the case-marking and agreement systems in (North and South) Bashāgardi according to Comrie (1978) and precise evaluation of findings according to the new theory of Zwart and Lindenbergh (2021), the present study aims to achieve a deeper explanation for those two systems’ function as well as the general alignment pattern of this dialect. In this regard, the research data has been gathered by interviewing ten native speakers, and then has been analyzed. According to the first findings, (North and South) Bashāgardi case-marking and agreement in non-past tense belong identically to the dominant and major pattern of (complete) accusative pattern, and in the past obey the dominant and shifting pattern of split-ergative or (complete) ergative pattern. Explanation of findings reveals that (North and South) Bashāgardi’s general alignment system uses the reverse and identical patterns in non-past and past tenses, respectively. Moreover, conditioned by the two categories of transitivity and tense, as the mirrors of inter-domain interrelations, these two language varieties exploit identical recessive and shifting alignment patterns in those two tenses as well, for which the appropriate explanations has been presented.
Mhammad Hadi Fallahi; Marzieh Yarizadeh
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study language functions of the right hemisphere of the brain in the left hemisphere–damaged patients and compare them with healthy people. In this research, which is kind of Descriptive-Analytical, upon random sampling, two groups of the left hemisphere–damaged ...
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The aim of this research was to study language functions of the right hemisphere of the brain in the left hemisphere–damaged patients and compare them with healthy people. In this research, which is kind of Descriptive-Analytical, upon random sampling, two groups of the left hemisphere–damaged patients (20 men &10 women) were selected among people referred to Imam Reza Neuro Clinic, as well as 30 healthy people. Then tests of Right Hemisphere Language Collection (Brian, 1995) and test of Application Acts &Competency of Language (Mehri, 1381) were used, to compare patients' language functions with those of healthy people. The results of the research were analyzed. Analysis of data includes two parts: Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics. The results of the research show that there are no significant differences between healthy and damaged people in view of sex, but there are significant differences between healthy and damaged people in 1-Metaphire test, 2-Written Metaphor test, 3-Comprehension of inferred meaning, 4-Appreciation of humor, 5-Lexical-semantic test, 6-Methapor production test, 7-Written proverb test, 8-Proverb production test, 9-Indirect speech acts test. These results indicate that abilities are not specific to the right hemisphere because people whose left hemisphere is damaged suffer from these disorders, too.
Abdolbaset Arab Yousofabadi; Fereshteh Afzali; Mojtaba behroozi
Abstract
There is a close relationship between language and cultural factors which becomes stronger with expansion of linguistic relations among nations. Translators play a critical role in transferring the culture of source language to target language. There are some interpretations in Arabic novels that are ...
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There is a close relationship between language and cultural factors which becomes stronger with expansion of linguistic relations among nations. Translators play a critical role in transferring the culture of source language to target language. There are some interpretations in Arabic novels that are considered as taboo in Iran demanding the translator to try the most appropriate procedure to reduce the negative meaning of these taboos besides safekeeping the source language. The translator can achieve its goal by providing a radial network of meaning. The present study investigated the taboos of Al-Tashahhi novel (2007, A.D.) by Aliyah Mamdouh based on a descriptive-analytical method. The results of the study indicated that radial network in the translation of Al-Tashahhi taboo is very effective in maintaining the social self-sufficiency of the Persian-speaking audience. Also, semantic implication (41%), allegory (26%), and laconism (11%) is considered as the most frequent semantic network in the proposed translation of Al-Tashahhi taboos
Zeinab Asadi Sangachin; Nahid Sheikhi Jolandan
Abstract
The translation of literary works and texts as one of the most difficult and controversial types of translation has always been the subject of discussion and study of linguists in the world. So that in most of the books related to translation theory, translation of literature and its features have been ...
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The translation of literary works and texts as one of the most difficult and controversial types of translation has always been the subject of discussion and study of linguists in the world. So that in most of the books related to translation theory, translation of literature and its features have been translated separately. For this reason, the present paper tries to examine the existing approaches to authenticity and improve translation of literature by examining the views of a number of translation theories. Then, using the proposed methods and methods proposed by the specialists, translation of one of the works of Russian literature in Persian is studied to exactly determine and show how to use translation theories in translation of literature and literary works.
Elahe Kamari
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the ability of monolingual Farsi-speaking children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder in the narration of story. To this aim, 18 monolingual Farsi-speaking male student with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (with a mean age of 8 years ...
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The aim of the present study is to investigate the ability of monolingual Farsi-speaking children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder in the narration of story. To this aim, 18 monolingual Farsi-speaking male student with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (with a mean age of 8 years and 2 months) and 18 normal monolingual Farsi-speaking male students (with a mean age of 7 years and 3 months) were selected. The students were matched on their cognitive and language abilities. Both groups were encouraged to narrate stories based on a picture story book. Their coherence was investigated on the basis of length of the story, variety of words, causal sentences, and causal networks. Findings did not indicate a statistical significant difference between the two groups in the basic narrative measures and in overtly causal sentences (p<0.05). The results of the study showed that the stories narrated by high-functioning autism spectrum disorder group were less causally connected and less coherent. However, this difference was not statistically significant. On the whole, it can be concluded that causal network model is an alternative way for investigating narrative coherence by examining how narrative information is interconnected at a deeper level.
Amir Zand Moghaddam
Abstract
Given the fact that no original and genuine study has ever investigated the effect of corrective feedback on the development of the Persian language learners' pragmatic competence, the present study aimed at studying the effect of two main types of corrective feedback, namely recast and metalinguistic ...
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Given the fact that no original and genuine study has ever investigated the effect of corrective feedback on the development of the Persian language learners' pragmatic competence, the present study aimed at studying the effect of two main types of corrective feedback, namely recast and metalinguistic feedback, on the production of two speech acts of request and refusal among intermediate learners of Persian. To this end, 76 Persian learners were randomly selected and assigned to four groups: task-based instruction and recast, task-based instruction and metalinguistic feedback, traditional instruction and recast, and traditional instruction and metalinguistic feedback. The instrument used in this study was a valid and reliable WDCT (Tajeddin, Keshavarz, and Zand Moghadam, 2012) that was used as a pre- and post-test. The treatment in each group took six weeks (12 hours). The results showed that the groups who received task-based instruction outperformed the other groups. It was also revealed that metalinguistic feedback during task based instruction was more effective than recast. This study has implications for Persian language teachers, syllabus designers and materials developers as well as test designers.
Solmaz Mahmoodi
Abstract
Persian relative construction which can be followed by a demonstrative has Det N RC word order. Persian relative clause is a post-nominal subordinate clause that is the most common type in the world. The relative clause has a complex structure which can illustrate the relationship between typology and ...
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Persian relative construction which can be followed by a demonstrative has Det N RC word order. Persian relative clause is a post-nominal subordinate clause that is the most common type in the world. The relative clause has a complex structure which can illustrate the relationship between typology and generative grammar and develop a set of generalization that describes formal grammatical structures. Through a general survey of relative construction, the present study attempts to present the types and patterns of Persian relative clauses through data-based and theory-oriented approaches. This language-internal study also aims to find the range of possibilities which consists of (a) different strategies for the configuration of relative structure (raising analysis: movement of relative head noun from the relativized site to the Spec, CP which is coindexed with trace left behind by movement, or base generated analysis: head noun base generated in the Spec, DP which is coindexed with pronoun inside the relative clause), (b) presence of head (headed or head incorporated (free) relatives), hierarchical position of head (externally/internally headed relatives), linear order of head and RC (head-initial/final relatives), types of head (generic, specific, definite or indefinite noun) in restrictive and non-restrictive relatives, (c) position of Det with respect to N and RC, (d) position of relativisation occurance (subject, object, object of preposition…), (e) presence or absence of resumptive pronoun, that is relative clause underlyingly contains a pronominal which may be filled by a gap, and (f) possibility of embedding relatives within DP.
Nasim Vafaei Salar Poor; Mandana Nourbakhsh; Homa Asadi
Abstract
Using forensic analysis, this study attempted to investigate the influence of the Persian language on the quality of Khoramabadi Luri vowels. This research tried to find the answer to whether Persian can affect the acoustic features of Khoramabadi vowels or not. To do so, data from 20 Khoramabadi Lur ...
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Using forensic analysis, this study attempted to investigate the influence of the Persian language on the quality of Khoramabadi Luri vowels. This research tried to find the answer to whether Persian can affect the acoustic features of Khoramabadi vowels or not. To do so, data from 20 Khoramabadi Lur participants (10 males, 10 females) were recorded; the first group of whom lived in Khoramabad and the second group lived in Tehran. 54 sentences including the selected words were read by participants. The total number of phonetic sample tokens analyzed was 3240, including /ɑ, y, ø, o, u, ə, a, e, ʏ, ɪ, i/ vowels. Phonetic samples were analyzed phonetically and statistically. The acoustic parameters, fundamental frequency, and the first formant frequency to the fifth formant frequency were chosen. Data analysis showed that fundamental frequency, fifth formant frequency, third formant frequency, and by a wide margin second formant frequency had the highest capacity to distinguish Luri samples articulated by male speakers who lived in Tehran and Khoramabad. For female speakers, only fundamental frequency and by a wide margin, the fifth formant frequency of Khoramabadi Luri had this capacity. As a result, fundamental frequency and higher formant frequencies had the highest capacity to distinguish the speakers.
Tayyebe Ghasemi; Ameneh Zare; Mohammad Hossein Sharafzadeh
Abstract
A Linguistic typology is a field of linguistics that studies the systematic similarities and differences between the different languages of the world and compares the morphological and syntactic structures between different languages without considering their background. The present study, ...
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A Linguistic typology is a field of linguistics that studies the systematic similarities and differences between the different languages of the world and compares the morphological and syntactic structures between different languages without considering their background. The present study, in the framework of Dryer article (1992), examined the order of words in the Kholosi language. The method of data collection was through recording the answers of informants to the questionnaire that was prepared in this regard and interviewing them. The results showed that Kholosi in comparison with the Eurasia languages, by having 14 verb-final criteria and 14 verb-medial criteria have a balance between the criteria and in comparison with the languages of the world, by having 15 verb-final criteria and 17 verb-medial criteria, like Persian language, shows a tendency towards the verb-medial group. Considering the values of the criteria in both groups of languages, we find that Kholosi has undergone fewer changes in terms of word order compared to Persian language.
