Mousa Ghonchepour
Abstract
The study of the argument structure of Persian synthetic compounds shows that not only do the internal argument but also the external argument and indirect object incorporate into verbal stem to make synthetic compounds. In addition to simultaneous incorporation of internal and external arguments, other ...
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The study of the argument structure of Persian synthetic compounds shows that not only do the internal argument but also the external argument and indirect object incorporate into verbal stem to make synthetic compounds. In addition to simultaneous incorporation of internal and external arguments, other categories such as adjuncts, adjectives, noun phrases, adjective phrases and prepositional phrases are incorporated into synthetic compounds. Phrasal verbal compounds, compounds possessing conjunctions, extended verbal compounds, argument structure and referential structure of nonverbal constituent of verbal compounds, referential verbal compounds and multi-incorporation are criteria that reject both "lexical integrity" and "no phrase constraint" hypotheses and confirm the interaction of morphology and syntax modules in word formation. Identical relations between constituents of sentences and synthetic compounds, from argument and non-argument points of view, indicate the participation of syntax in word formation process and accessing of syntactic rules to internal structure of words. Verbal compounds data reveals that, on the one hand, morphological output is used as syntactic and phrasal input; on the other hand, syntactic output is employed as word formation process input. Therefore, morphology and syntax have reciprocal, rather than directional, relation in word formation. Changeability of verb valence and referentiality of non-head constituents of verbal compounds show the interface of morphology and semantics.
Mehrzad Mansoori
Abstract
Observing Extended Projection Principle (EPP), a DP should be generated or moved to Spec of TP with or without Phonological form. As stated by Rizzy (1982), a pro drop language can have expletive or non-expletive pro. The study has indicated that expletive pro, hereafter “pro puč” (a Persian ...
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Observing Extended Projection Principle (EPP), a DP should be generated or moved to Spec of TP with or without Phonological form. As stated by Rizzy (1982), a pro drop language can have expletive or non-expletive pro. The study has indicated that expletive pro, hereafter “pro puč” (a Persian expression means empty), is more sophisticated than it seems in Persian linguistic words. The study has classified pro puč into five categories. The present corpus-based study has showed that expletive pro and its real pronoun cannot be used interchangeably in any of the contexts. Having searched pro puč in a qualified corpus, at least one case has been found in which expletive pro has been substituted with its non-expletive counterpart. Consequently, it has been argued that both form and function should be considered in language study, particularly in syntax.
Amir Zand-Moghadam; Seyran Jannati
Abstract
The notion of genre and its application in language teaching and learning has been given increasing attention in the past decades. Abstracts are an important area of inquiry in genre analysis. Therefore, identification and mastery of textual and rhetorical structures of abstracts can be beneficial. The ...
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The notion of genre and its application in language teaching and learning has been given increasing attention in the past decades. Abstracts are an important area of inquiry in genre analysis. Therefore, identification and mastery of textual and rhetorical structures of abstracts can be beneficial. The present study sought to analyze the rhetorical structure of thesis abstracts in TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) and TPSOL (Teaching Persian to Speakers of Other Languages). To this end, 80 abstracts from the two disciplines (40 abstracts from each discipline) were chosen from among the theses submitted between the years 2008 to 2013 at Allameh Tabataba"i University. Following Hyland"s (2000) five-move model, the textual organization and rhetorical structure of each abstract were analyzed. The findings revealed generic variations across the two disciplines, indicating the obligatory and common moves in the structure of abstracts. TPSOL abstracts displayed a stronger tendency to omit the conclusion move (M5) in contrast to TEFL abstracts in which M5 was considered a fundamental and significant move. Another striking difference emerged in terms of patterns of reordering and repetition of some moves which appeared among some TPSOL abstracts only. It can be concluded that TEFL abstracts are more consistent with the international norms and genre of academic writing. The findings have pedagogical implications for students, ESP instructors, materials developers, and syllabus designers, and provide suggestions for further research.
Aliyeh Kord Zafaranlu Kambuziya; Fatemeh Shahverdi Shahraki
Abstract
The present study is aimed to find the natural classes in final rhyme of some verses in the Holy Qur"an. Many verses in the Qur"an have the final rhymes ending in the same consonants and vowels; some others don"t have similar consonants or vowels in the final rhyme; however, they have audible beauty. ...
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The present study is aimed to find the natural classes in final rhyme of some verses in the Holy Qur"an. Many verses in the Qur"an have the final rhymes ending in the same consonants and vowels; some others don"t have similar consonants or vowels in the final rhyme; however, they have audible beauty. The reason is that there are some phonological relations between final consonants and vowels of one verse to another. This relation can be construed as natural classes of sounds. The text corpus of the present study is comprised of all of the verses of the Holy Qur"an. Some of the key findings of the study are as follows: (1) Although the final consonants and vowels of some sequential verses were different, they can be classified as natural classes; (2) In some chapters, some verses ended in /m/ and some others ended in /n/. These two sounds are classified as natural class of nasals; (3) Natural class of sonorants comprises the most frequent consonants in Qur"an.
Mohammad Ali Azarshab; Sadollah Homayuni
Abstract
Language, as the highest cultural and civilizational phenomenon, is one of the skills acquired through the foreign traditions and community of speakers. Meanwhile, language, as the most important factor in transmitting the past culture and heritage, has a significant role in clarifying and organizing ...
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Language, as the highest cultural and civilizational phenomenon, is one of the skills acquired through the foreign traditions and community of speakers. Meanwhile, language, as the most important factor in transmitting the past culture and heritage, has a significant role in clarifying and organizing the thoughts and beliefs of society, which is considered as one of the main constituents of identity, personality and culture of societies. Language transaction and cultural and civilizational impacts can be realized throughout history by looking at the intertwined relationships of Arabs and Iranians in different cultural, religious, political, strategic, and other dimensions. These relationships are revealed at two levels of language and culture more than anything else. An important point regarding learning a foreign language is that the cultural approach of communities to foreign languages is influenced by the culture in the broad sense of word. Macro policies of teaching Arabic language in Iran are influenced, intentionally or unintentionally, by this approach and cultural attitudes. In most cases, these attitudes are not consistent with the macro goals and strategies of this field due to cultural, social and political challenges. The present study seeks to analyze the good and friendly linguistic-cultural relations of Arabs and Iranians in the past, and to investigate the causes of the decline of learning Arabic language from two perspectives of culture and language policy making/planning. As such, the present study provides basic approaches and plans to promote teaching Arabic language at both general and specialized levels.
Mohammad Amin Shakeri; Azade Mirzaei
Abstract
Saussure"s fundamentally novel ideations about language and the problem of the sign, which were introduced to humanities by the publication of the compiled book called Cours de linguistique générale, were indicating a basic turn and the foundation of a new algebraic and relational general ...
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Saussure"s fundamentally novel ideations about language and the problem of the sign, which were introduced to humanities by the publication of the compiled book called Cours de linguistique générale, were indicating a basic turn and the foundation of a new algebraic and relational general science. Many linguists and scholars- who were often called “structuralists” (or partially “post-structuralists”) - pursued his ideations. Among them, Luis Hjelmslev is a prominent figure. Some consider him as the true successor of Saussure. It may be contended that the veritable linkup point between Saussure and Hjelmslev"s perspectives on the epistemology of the linguistic science (and subsequently about the general epistemology) could be related to the concept of “immanence”. In the present study, the basic components in Saussure"s linguistic epistemology- according to recent Saussurological studies – were first extracted by a special attention to his scripts and his lectures; later, their fundamental modifications in the Glossematic standpoint of Hjelmslev were tracked. Next, the importance of epistemological transitions applied by Hjelmslev was examined. Finally, the precious consequences of the Glossematical epistemology towards an “immanent linguistic algebra” were affirmed, and a reconsideration of Hjelmslev"s unique thought regarding the theorization of language was proposed.
Zari Saeedi; Mahsa Arianpouya
Abstract
In the present paper, the influence of such variants as speech context, age and gender on code-switching of Turkish-Persian bilinguals were studied. To do so, 40 participants from two age groups of 20-40 and 40-70 years old, and two gender groups of males and females were randomly selected using the ...
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In the present paper, the influence of such variants as speech context, age and gender on code-switching of Turkish-Persian bilinguals were studied. To do so, 40 participants from two age groups of 20-40 and 40-70 years old, and two gender groups of males and females were randomly selected using the convenience sampling technique. The research data were gathered by recording the naturally-occurring daily conversations in the two contexts of home and workplace, and were categorized based on the research variants. The data analysis procedure was carried out both quantitatively (statistical analysis) and qualitatively (descriptive analysis). Eventually, the results showed that the participants" total code-switching differs in the two mentioned contexts, and the relationship between code-switching and speech context was significant (0.04) at the level of (p<0.05) with the effect size of 0.01. The relationship between the total code-switching and age was also significant (0.003), i.e. the age factor was an influencing variant with the effect size of 0.047. The next variable scrutinized in the study was the gender factor for which the findings of the total code-switching data did not display a significant relationship (0.7).
