fatameh nosrati mumvandi; Reza Morad Sahraei; Hayat Ameri; Abbas Ashrafi
Abstract
The present study aims at studying radial network of the five words "Lesan, Qara, Khataba, Samea, and Kataba" based on cognitive semantics. Likewise, determining frequency of usage of radial meanings and prototypical meaning of the given word in two translations of Quran by Foladvand and Qomshei and ...
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The present study aims at studying radial network of the five words "Lesan, Qara, Khataba, Samea, and Kataba" based on cognitive semantics. Likewise, determining frequency of usage of radial meanings and prototypical meaning of the given word in two translations of Quran by Foladvand and Qomshei and two interpretations of Al-Mizan and Nemoneh is another purpose of the article. To determine the radial meanings and prototypical meaning of the given word, Tyler and Evans (2001)’s criteria were used. The analysis showed that the tools such as metonymy, metaphorical expansion and image schema play the main role in expanding the prototypical meaning of the given word; and meanwhile metaphorical expansion plays the main role in expanding the prototypical meaning. Additionally, it was found that in the translations and interpretations, there is a relative balance between usage of prototypical meaning and radial meanings of the words; although in some words this balance does not fit.
Fateme Nayeblui; Mostafa Assi; Azita Afrashi; Masood Ghayoomi
Abstract
Vocabulary differences between languages indicate differences in the cultures associated with each language. Polysemous words in any culture can be an expression of such lexical differences in a language. In cognitive semantics, there are different approaches to the polysemous phenomenon in language; ...
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Vocabulary differences between languages indicate differences in the cultures associated with each language. Polysemous words in any culture can be an expression of such lexical differences in a language. In cognitive semantics, there are different approaches to the polysemous phenomenon in language; The theory of Frame semantics is one of these approaches in cognitive semantics that has looked at the issue of polysemy from the perspective of semantic frames. The revised form of this theory has been realized in FrameNet . Semantic frames are semantic packages and each frame is composed of semantic components called frame elements. Semantic relationships in this network are presented as relationships between semantic frames. In this article, an attempt is made to provide a semantic and corpus-based analysis of the polysemy of the conceptual domain of the verb "Listening" in Persian based on the principles of the FrameNet network in English. Accordingly, the keywords "šeno", " šenid" and "guš" have been studied in the Persian database . Among the concepts found in sentences extracted from the corpus, six semantic frames of Perception_active, Perception_experience, Awareness, Compliance, Seeking and Attention and two "inheritance" Frame to frame relations between "Perception-Active" and "Perception-Experience" Frames and "use" Frame to frame relations between "Attention" and Perception-Active" Frames were extracted. The results of the analysis show that the current approach to the phenomenon of polysemy is an efficient approach to study the meaning of the verb "Listening" in Persian and can provide a picture of Persian language culture in this conceptual area.
Ameneh Karimi; Gholam Hosain Karimi Dootan
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate Malekshahi Kurdish metaphorical idioms with body part “dam”. Malekshahi is one main part of the Southern Kurdish in Ilam province. The data is collected from native speakers of Malekshahi Kurdish. A common part of metaphorical idioms of Malekshahi is ...
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The aim of the study is to investigate Malekshahi Kurdish metaphorical idioms with body part “dam”. Malekshahi is one main part of the Southern Kurdish in Ilam province. The data is collected from native speakers of Malekshahi Kurdish. A common part of metaphorical idioms of Malekshahi is investigated in the present research with a focus on two body parts “mouth” and “face” conceptualization, in light of cognitive semantic. Based on the research findings, a significant part of the metaphors has a structural nature. “Chewing”, “war”, “fire eruption” and “captivity” are some source domains and “debate”, “freedom”, “disregard”, “secrecy” and “sorrow” are some target domains of these metaphors. “container”, “volcano”, “animate”, “cage”, “respect” and “claim” are some cited mappings for word “dam” in Malekshahi Kurdish metaphors. The findings also show that “war” is the most frequent source domain and “heed” is the most frequent target domain in these metaphorical idioms. Differences between the frequency occurrence of these two domains arises from various mapping in frequent domains.
Seyedeh Mahdis Mirzadeh; Arsalan Golfam; Mahnaz Karbalaei Sadegh
Abstract
Understanding the way that abstract information has been expressed in the different languages is one of the attractive subjects in cognitive linguistics. In this regard, Idioms as a part of cultural and national identity of speakers can play an important role in understanding concepts and linguistic ...
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Understanding the way that abstract information has been expressed in the different languages is one of the attractive subjects in cognitive linguistics. In this regard, Idioms as a part of cultural and national identity of speakers can play an important role in understanding concepts and linguistic materials. So in the present study we have tried to examine the representations of image schemas in two languages; Persian and English, within the framework of cognitive semantics and based on Johnson's Schematic Model (1987). Therefore, we selected the data from the “Common Persian Idioms and Phrases: Persian-English” which was provided by Bateni (2013) and have studied them in a descriptive-analytical way. This paper explores the conceptual image schemas of idioms in Persian and then compares them with their English equivalent. The results show that the mental coding process of idioms in these two languages can be divided in 6 ways and in most cases this process was similar between these languages. Moreover, English has the most schematic similarity between their information and messages. The pass and force schema are the most common in English and Persian, respectively. Due to the conceptual schemas are dynamic patterns in cognitive semantics which are not studied thoroughly the idioms of these Languages in past; so the importance and the objective of this study was the analysis of this phenomenon in the context of conceptual schema and also explain the relationship between the speakers language and mind.
Heydar Yazdanshenas; Mohammad Hossein Sharafzadeh; Zahra Babasalari; Saeed Yazdani
Abstract
One of the main concepts in cognitive linguistics is that each unit of language has a semantic network. In this approach, morpheme, categories, and syntactic constructs all have a symbolic unit. In this sense, enclitics also have their own meanings that add meaning to the base of the host. As a result, ...
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One of the main concepts in cognitive linguistics is that each unit of language has a semantic network. In this approach, morpheme, categories, and syntactic constructs all have a symbolic unit. In this sense, enclitics also have their own meanings that add meaning to the base of the host. As a result, the derivative is formed. An extension like the lexical categories provides a category that classifies all its meanings around a central meaning. /-ku/ is one of the most widely used enclitics in the Tangestan dialect which is connected to different bases with the category of nouns, adjectives, and infinities. The present article, in the context of cognitive semantics, explores the various concepts of the "-ku:" as an enclitic. The main objectives of this research are to show that the various meanings of the "-ku:" suffixes are not randomized and present its semantic network. The findings of this study revealed that the "-ku:" enclitic has a coherent network in which the various meanings of this enclitic extend around a prototypical meaning (i.e., definite meaning) in the form of a radial structure.
Raheleh Gandomkar
Abstract
Conceptual Metaphor Theory was first proposed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in 1980 as one of the earliest theoretical frameworks of the cognitive semantics. Although it is not a novel view of metaphor and its tradition goes back to the historical-philological semantics, Conceptual Metaphor Theory ...
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Conceptual Metaphor Theory was first proposed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in 1980 as one of the earliest theoretical frameworks of the cognitive semantics. Although it is not a novel view of metaphor and its tradition goes back to the historical-philological semantics, Conceptual Metaphor Theory attempts to adduce different kinds of evidence for the conceptual nature of metaphors. According to this theory, metaphors are not just rhetorical, but human thought is metaphorical in nature and conceptual structures are organized according to cross-domain mappings or correspondences between these domains. However, conceptual metaphors are made based on embodied experiences and human interaction with the world. According to this view, conceptual metaphors are unidirectional and they cannot be bi-directional. The present study criticizes the methodology with which metaphor is studied emphasizing bi-directionality of mapping instead of unidirectionality based on examples of spoken Persian. Also, the study points to the fact that there is no constraint on forming the conceptual metaphors and that everybody can add new conceptual metaphors of special domains.
hayat ameri; reza kheirabadi; masume kheirabadi
Abstract
The present study scrutinized news stories of Persian-language newspapers within Mental Spaces theory. The concept of ‘Mental spaces’ was initially introduced by Fauconnier (1985). It was consequently developed by Fauconnier and Turner (2002) into a model entitled ‘Conceptual Integration ...
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The present study scrutinized news stories of Persian-language newspapers within Mental Spaces theory. The concept of ‘Mental spaces’ was initially introduced by Fauconnier (1985). It was consequently developed by Fauconnier and Turner (2002) into a model entitled ‘Conceptual Integration Theory’. Mental Spaces theory assumes that meaning is not simply pre-existing stored knowledge encoded by language; rather, it is a consequence of its usage in the context; as a result, it is possible to trace mental spaces created by authors based on linguistic features and relations among particles. In the present descriptive-analytical study, six news stories excerpted from two Persian daily newspapers, which reflected the same theme and event from different perspectives, were analyzed. The findings showed that news editors utilize different mental spaces to impose their opinions and beliefs on their audiences and to lead the news flow to a direction on which the base space, namely newspaper headline, has been based. The findings of this study can be applied to newspaper discourse analyses.
