Sadegh Eftekhary Far; Sayed Farid Khalifehloo
Abstract
In recent years, a constraint-based framework adapted from Optimality Theory to describe and [1]analyses Speech language disordes. This article describes the syntactic structure of student “A” who is a persian male deaf student, based on violation nucleus constraints in the syntactic phrases. ...
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In recent years, a constraint-based framework adapted from Optimality Theory to describe and [1]analyses Speech language disordes. This article describes the syntactic structure of student “A” who is a persian male deaf student, based on violation nucleus constraints in the syntactic phrases. In this paper, we first briefly discuss about of Optimality Theory and then, some of sentences that has been obtained from this student by Speech Language pathologist analyses and describes. We find that, we could described and analysed syntactic disorders by Optimality Theory. Analasys and explaining the student’s sentences give us depper understanding of his syntactic structure. By this presuposition, we must supress markedness constraints by working on the faithfulness constrains. The faithfulness constraints education, the mentioned syntactic structure will closer and closer to a natural person. It is suggested that in order to fulfill this important point, in the subject of education, the nuclei of each phrase should be taught to the student first, and in the next step, complement should be gradually added to the nuclei.
Bashir Jam; Marziyeh Esmaeili Dehkordi
Abstract
Recitation of the Holy Qur’an has its own phonological features. This paper discusses the two types of partial nasal place assimilation known as ‘Ikhfaa’ and ‘Iqlaab’ in Arabic. Ikhfaa occurs in the environment where the nasal alveolar /n/ precedes fifteen oral obstruents, ...
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Recitation of the Holy Qur’an has its own phonological features. This paper discusses the two types of partial nasal place assimilation known as ‘Ikhfaa’ and ‘Iqlaab’ in Arabic. Ikhfaa occurs in the environment where the nasal alveolar /n/ precedes fifteen oral obstruents, including /z/, /ẓ/, /s/, /ṣ/, /t/, /ṭ/, /d/, /ḍ/, /q/, /f/, /k/, /ʤ/, /ʃ/, /ð/ and /θ/. ‘Iqlaab’ occurs in the environment in which the nasal alveolar /n/ precedes the bilabial obstruent /b/. Since ‘Iqlaab’ also involves partial nasal place assimilation, it can be considered a type of Ikhfaa. This research aimed at identifying the constraints whose interactions cause different processes of partial nasal place assimilation in the recitation of the Holy Qur’an within the framework of optimality theory (Prince and Smolensky, 1993/2004). The results indicate that ‘AGREE [place]’ is the key markedness constrain accounted for partial nasal place assimilation in ‘Ikhfaa’ and ‘Iqlaab’. In addition, *[-long N]Obs is the markedness constrain responsible for nasals before an obstruent..
Amir Ghorbanpour
Abstract
The present study aims at exploring head position in Persian syntactic phrases within the Optimality Theory framework. Making use of syntactic alignment constraints proposed by Grimshaw (2002), which is alternatively notated in this paper as Align-Left/Right(X, XP) (McCarthy, 2008), the study seeks to ...
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The present study aims at exploring head position in Persian syntactic phrases within the Optimality Theory framework. Making use of syntactic alignment constraints proposed by Grimshaw (2002), which is alternatively notated in this paper as Align-Left/Right(X, XP) (McCarthy, 2008), the study seeks to arrive at a consistent ranking of the relevant constraints being active in Persian with respect to the relative position of heads and complements within phrases. Bearing in mind the non-uniformity of head position across Persian syntactic phrases, it is concluded that the general constraint Align-Left (X, XP) is highly active and determinant in most of the syntactic structures in the language; also, the exceptions of head-finality, i.e. verb phrases and the direct object case marker ‘rā’, are accounted for by more specific, higher-ranked constraints of opposite value. These higher-ranked constraints are Align-Right(V, VP) and Align-Right(K, KP) respectively.
Ebrahim Badakhshan; Mohammad Zamani
Abstract
In this paper, the aim is to analyze and describe the process of glide formation in Kurdish (Kalhori dialect) using optimality theory of concurrency approach. It will be shown in this paper that, contrary to many languages such as the languages of Niger-Congo in which the [REL-const] constraint is high-ranking ...
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In this paper, the aim is to analyze and describe the process of glide formation in Kurdish (Kalhori dialect) using optimality theory of concurrency approach. It will be shown in this paper that, contrary to many languages such as the languages of Niger-Congo in which the [REL-const] constraint is high-ranking in the order of constraints, this constraint is of a low rank in the Kalhori dialect. It will be also shown that glide formation in Kurdish can be applied to non-high vowels such as /e/, as well as high vowels. Therefore, the raising of V1 for glide formation in the Kalhori dialect, contrary to many world languages, is not a fundamental and determining condition. It will also be shown that the condition of raising for the output of the phonological device is not rigid, that is the output from the phonological device of this dialect can be, in its own specific condition and position, raised, such as /y/, or non-high, such as /Y/.
