Habib Gowhari; Forugh Asadi
Abstract
This study is intended to gauge and describe the role of the Kurdish linguistic element (-ow) in a coding object in southern Kurdish. This study is descriptive-analytic in which the data are collected from native speakers through interviews and natural conversations. Based on the linguistic distribution ...
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This study is intended to gauge and describe the role of the Kurdish linguistic element (-ow) in a coding object in southern Kurdish. This study is descriptive-analytic in which the data are collected from native speakers through interviews and natural conversations. Based on the linguistic distribution and the provided arguments in this paper, this linguistic element is named an object-marker enclitic. Analyzing the employed data indicates that this object-marker enclitic has, apparently, various roles. It is mainly accompanied by transitive verbs, however, it is found to accompany intransitive verbs as well. As for its distribution, it can both follow and precede object pronominal clitics. However, in a few cases, it is even prefixed to the verb. In terms of its meaning, it has a clear content meaning cross-referencing object in terms of person and number, though it has a fixed form (-ow). It can accompany many simple and complex verbs, though its presence is blocked by many other verbs. It can cross-reference to both definite and indefinite objects. Therefore, it is not sensitive to information distribution. In general, it has various roles of which object-marking and object-doubling are emphasized in this study.
Sara Ahmadi; Habib Gohari
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating clitic doubling in Kalhori Kurdish. The implications of clitic doubling for Kurdish syntax were also investigated. In other words, it was attempted to find whether clitic doubling is a common feature of this language variety or it leads to some syntactic operations ...
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The present study aimed at investigating clitic doubling in Kalhori Kurdish. The implications of clitic doubling for Kurdish syntax were also investigated. In other words, it was attempted to find whether clitic doubling is a common feature of this language variety or it leads to some syntactic operations including (left or right) dislocation of NP arguments. Another implication of this study is to shed light on the distinction made between (inflectional) affix and clitic. The present study was a descriptive- analytic one in which many arguments were presented to deal with the nature of the relationship between clitic doubling and syntactic structure in Kalhori Kurdish. Theoretically, the present study was mainly based on the Spenser and Luis (2012). Observation, interview and field work were employed to collect the required data. The results indicated that clitic doubling is not a preferred process in Kalhori Kurdish. Instead, Kurdish speakers prefer to dislocate (to right or left) the relevant NP in the sentence to prevent both clitic and its related NP simultaneously.
Marziye Foruqi
Abstract
In the 3rd issue of the Journal of Language Science, Ehsan Changizi wrote a review on the Aban Yasht written by Changiz Mowlaee. In the 4th issue of the same journal, Mowlaee wrote a critique of that review and evaluated it as being false and incorrect in terms of its contents. In Mowlaee’s response, ...
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In the 3rd issue of the Journal of Language Science, Ehsan Changizi wrote a review on the Aban Yasht written by Changiz Mowlaee. In the 4th issue of the same journal, Mowlaee wrote a critique of that review and evaluated it as being false and incorrect in terms of its contents. In Mowlaee’s response, some subjects of the Avestan language are propounded that must be examined in more detail and be analyzed from the linguistic point of view. In the present article, the most important points are categorized in six classes, but under each subject the other subjects such as phoneme and sound, root, enclitic, clitic and host, relative pronoun or demonstrative pronoun ya, copula verb and attributive clause, predicate possession, enclitic pronoun mē and functions of ethical dative are also discussed. In these discussions it has become clear that for studying ancient texts it is necessary to be familiar with generalities of linguistics. It is only by using modern linguistic issues that one can study the Avestan language free from its rules of writing system. For instance, in Avestan writing system the enclitic pronouns are written separately from their hosts and after each of them a dot has been written. In transcribing the ancient texts, on the other hand, these pronouns should be written connected to their hosts since the pronounced form of the ancient texts is shown in the transcription.
Changiz Mowlaee
Abstract
The present study evaluated and analyzed the review of Ābān Yašt (The Centre for Great Islamic Encyclopaedia, Tehran 2013) which was written and published by E. Changizi in the Journal of Language Science (vol. 2/3, autumn 2015). The reviewer divided his subject matter into ten entries and dealt ...
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The present study evaluated and analyzed the review of Ābān Yašt (The Centre for Great Islamic Encyclopaedia, Tehran 2013) which was written and published by E. Changizi in the Journal of Language Science (vol. 2/3, autumn 2015). The reviewer divided his subject matter into ten entries and dealt with them in detail. The entries were: 1- Phoneme or grapheme; 2- the root *āhi-; 3- statement of the problem and significance of the study; 4- enclitic; 5- the copula verb "is"; 6- the relative pronoun ya-; 7- translations; 8- syntactic issues; 9- combination or compound; 10- the tone of writing. The present article discussed and evaluated all these entries in order to show that the reviewer’s reasoning and his deductions and conclusions were incorrect.
