Linguistics
Saeed Labbafan; Mohammad Dabirmoghaddam
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is providing a grammatical description of the agreement system in Khaniki language, based on empirical data. This variant belongs to South-Western Iranian languages. This language, as well as many other Iranian languages, is an endangered language. This language is spoken ...
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The main purpose of this study is providing a grammatical description of the agreement system in Khaniki language, based on empirical data. This variant belongs to South-Western Iranian languages. This language, as well as many other Iranian languages, is an endangered language. This language is spoken in the village [xɑnik], locally called [xunek]. In this paper, the description of the agreement types has been done based on Comrie (1978). In the descriptions, it will eventually turn out that Khaniki has grammaticalized a split alignment system sensitive to grammatical features of 'tense', 'aspect', 'person' in verbs and also the 'semantic feature of the subject'. In clauses containing «+present» verbs, whether transitive or intransitive, the agreement system will be 'Nominative-Accusative' and in clauses containing «+past», «+perfect», «+third person», and «+psyche» verbs, whether transitive or intransitive, the agreement system will be Non-'Nominative-Accusative'. In the 'Nominative-Accusative' system, subjects are always marked by inflectional agreement suffixes appended to verbs and in the Non-'Nominative-Accusative' system, which can be sub-divided to a neutral or tri-oblique type in this language, oblique agreement clitics will mark A, S, and O.
Linguistics
Reza Sahraee; Hossein Bazoubandi; Hamed Mowlaei Kuhbanani
Abstract
In order to strengthen the scientific register of Persian language, word selection for the scientific terms of foreign languages and accurate knowledge of word-formation mechanisms in this register and its capacities are of considerable importance. Few statistical and corpus-based researches have been ...
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In order to strengthen the scientific register of Persian language, word selection for the scientific terms of foreign languages and accurate knowledge of word-formation mechanisms in this register and its capacities are of considerable importance. Few statistical and corpus-based researches have been conducted on the word formation processes of the approved terms of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature. One of the fields not comprehensively addressed so far is the field of transportation within its four main fields. Therefore, the present research, using a descriptive-analytic method, is a comparative study of the word-formation processes of the approved terms of the Academy and their English equivalents in the four fields of transportation (intra-city road, marine, rail and air transport) in the first eight books, including 2929 Persian terms and 2929 English terms (5858 words in total). The results show the dominant word-formation processes in the Academy's words in the field of transportation are respectively compounding (11.77%), compound-derivative (6.69%) and derivation (4.06%). Also, less than one percent of the corpus is formed using other word-formation processes. Moreover, 73.36% of words are the result of syntactic structure and 3.14% are used as simple words. By contrast, the dominant word-formation processes of the English equivalents are respectively compound-derivative (39.56%), compounding (32.57%) and derivation (5.87%); Less than 5% of all English words are made by using the processes of abbreviation, clipping and blending. In addition, in English language, 10.03% of the data are syntactic structures and 2.7% of the words are simple words.
Linguistics
Masoud Dehghan; Nima Moshtaghi; Shahla Raghibdoust; Kourosh Saberi
Abstract
Coherence is one of the discourse–building features whose absence in the discourse of senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type causes their discourse becomes misunderstanding. So, the present study aims to investigate coherence in the discourse of Kurdish senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s ...
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Coherence is one of the discourse–building features whose absence in the discourse of senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type causes their discourse becomes misunderstanding. So, the present study aims to investigate coherence in the discourse of Kurdish senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. The methodological nature of this quantitative study is ex post facto type and the statistic population of this study included 20 subjects (10 senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type subjects and 10 normal elderly subjects) who were matched based on age (63-75), gender (male and female), illiteracy, and Kurdish language (Kalhori dialect) speaker. To determine the severity of dementia, the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale was administered and subjects with a score (0.5 ≤ score< 2) were selected. Then subjects answered the questions about their daily routines, families, and celebrating Eid Nowrouz. The data were analyzed based on Laine et al view and SPSS 16.0, independent T-test was used to obtain the statistic results. The findings indicate that there is a significant difference between the discourse of SDAT and NE subjects in the use of global coherence with (P=0/004) and local coherence with (P=0/003). The results showed that the use of global and local coherence has less frequency in the discourse of SDAT subjects; however, the absence of global coherence is more obvious. In the other word, local coherence has more frequency than global coherence.
Linguistics
somayeh aghababaei; mohammad mahdi zamani; Nematollah Iranzadeh
Abstract
Considering the importance of Persian literary works in linguistic studies and teaching Persian speakers of other languages, it is very important to study the scientific works that have been written to introduce or critique prominent Persian literary works. However, in many cases, these scientific works ...
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Considering the importance of Persian literary works in linguistic studies and teaching Persian speakers of other languages, it is very important to study the scientific works that have been written to introduce or critique prominent Persian literary works. However, in many cases, these scientific works deviate from their purpose, which is to identify important literary works, due to the some problems in using the scientific variety of Persian language. This study considers using of the scientific variety in these works by Moayed Shirazi (1983), Pournamdarian (1989), Zarrinkoob (1999) and Khorramshahi (2001), which were selected as the book of the year of the Islamic Republic in the 1980s and shows how in many cases these scientific works cannot achieve their goal in the appropriate way. This study intends to answer this question: what are the problems in the use of the language of science in Persian literary research. For this purpose, researchers combine aspects of qualitative and quantitative research methods to extract various problems in using the scientific variety of Persian language in these works and show spread of these problems. Study of these authoritative scientific works shows that problems such as semantic deviation, historical deviation, stylistic deviation, extra regularity, quoting literary texts to strengthen the poetic function of language, simile, irony, ambiguous words, verbiage, and value judgment are observed in these works
Linguistics
Abstract
Textbooks and teaching materials have high-priority in foreign language teaching and they provide a curriculum-based framework for teachers.Since language teachers are faced with a myriad of resources when choosing, they must systematically evaluate them so that they can decide on the most appropriate ...
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Textbooks and teaching materials have high-priority in foreign language teaching and they provide a curriculum-based framework for teachers.Since language teachers are faced with a myriad of resources when choosing, they must systematically evaluate them so that they can decide on the most appropriate textbook to suit the needs of their language learners. What is remarkable in this regard is that today with the expansion of Persian language teaching to non-Persian speakers, the number of audiences and those interested in learning the Persian language is increasing, several books and educational resources have been provided to achieve this goal; accordingly, the evaluation of Persian language teaching resources also helps Persian language teachers in choosing the correct and appropriate educational materials. In this regard, the present study tried to learn to evaluate the Persian educational collection (Zolfaghari et al., 2002) using the evaluation checklist of the book Mokandan and Nimehchi Salem (2015) from the point of view of Persian language teachers. Based on this checklist, 19 teachers evaluated the "Farsi Biyamuzim" educational series and a semi-structured interview was conducted with 5 teachers. The results of this study showed that this educational complex, although it is currently being taught in many Persian language teaching centers and is evaluated at a relatively good level in terms of educational content from the perspective of teachers, also faces shortcomings and limitations that the author of this research offers suggestions for improving the visual and content quality of this collection.
Linguistics
Mahsa Sadeghi
Abstract
Metaphors have a very essential role and importance in the system of the human mind and cognition. From the very beginning of the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) to the present day, metaphors have played a significant role in the conceptualization of this illness and related issues. The ...
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Metaphors have a very essential role and importance in the system of the human mind and cognition. From the very beginning of the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) to the present day, metaphors have played a significant role in the conceptualization of this illness and related issues. The aim of the present research is to investigate the metaphorical conceptualizations of Corona in the news headlines of domestic Persian-language media. The research data include 220 metaphorical expressions in the headlines extracted from the websites of four news agencies including Fars, ISNA, Tasnim, and Mehr. The Data were analyzed within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff, 1987, 1993; Lakoff & Johnson, 1980, 1999) and the theory of image schemas (Johnson, 1987; Lakoff, 1987). The results show that the metaphors used to conceptualize the Corona can be divided into two main categories: Metaphors based on image schemas and metaphors separate from image schemas. In the formation of first metaphors, force schema plays a major role and can manifest as the schemas of war, natural forces, and football. In the formation of the second category of metaphors, the source domains of humans and animals as well as domains such as fire, shadow, and vehicle play a major role.
