Babak Sharif
Abstract
Fundamentals of Linguistic Typology by Vali Rezai and Fatemeh Bahrami is written based on the curriculum of the linguistic typology course for MA degree in linguistics, and aims at presenting basic concepts of this field to students and other interested audience. The book is organized in 10 chapters, ...
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Fundamentals of Linguistic Typology by Vali Rezai and Fatemeh Bahrami is written based on the curriculum of the linguistic typology course for MA degree in linguistics, and aims at presenting basic concepts of this field to students and other interested audience. The book is organized in 10 chapters, which, apart from those devoted to the history, methodology, and applications of typology, have self- contained topics and content, so they can be read in any sequence. After mentioning the main topics introduced in each chapter the book and its advantages, this review sets out some of their deficiencies and shortcomings. These were discussed in several subtitles presented respectively as organization, inaccuracy in expression, inaccuracy in quotations, inappropriate examples, terminology, and less intelligible statements. In spite of aforementioned points, Fundamentals of Linguistic Typology can serve as a useful, informative introduction to this field.
Mulham Al-shair; Mohammad DabirMoghaddam; Rezamorad Sahraee
Abstract
As you know, in typology, languages are categorized on the basis of morphological, syntactic, and semantic features. These categories help linguistics to introduce language universals. This article aims to determine the word order typology in Standard Arabic. Standard Arabic is the standardized and literary ...
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As you know, in typology, languages are categorized on the basis of morphological, syntactic, and semantic features. These categories help linguistics to introduce language universals. This article aims to determine the word order typology in Standard Arabic. Standard Arabic is the standardized and literary variety of Arabic used in writing and in most formal speech throughout the Arab world. The results of the article are of importance in teaching Persian to Arab students. In this article, word-order of the Standard Arabic is analyzed on the basis of the 25 typological correlations (Dryer 1992 and Dabirmoghaddam 2014). The results suggest that Standard Arabic, in comparison to African, Eurasia languages and other languages, which Dryer indicated them in his article, has 20, 22 and 23 correlations of strong VO languages; and also, has 12, 8 and 8 correlations of strong OV languages. Thus, Standard Arabic has a tendency towards strong VO languages.
Solmaz Mahmoodi
Abstract
Persian relative construction which can be followed by a demonstrative has Det N RC word order. Persian relative clause is a post-nominal subordinate clause that is the most common type in the world. The relative clause has a complex structure which can illustrate the relationship between typology and ...
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Persian relative construction which can be followed by a demonstrative has Det N RC word order. Persian relative clause is a post-nominal subordinate clause that is the most common type in the world. The relative clause has a complex structure which can illustrate the relationship between typology and generative grammar and develop a set of generalization that describes formal grammatical structures. Through a general survey of relative construction, the present study attempts to present the types and patterns of Persian relative clauses through data-based and theory-oriented approaches. This language-internal study also aims to find the range of possibilities which consists of (a) different strategies for the configuration of relative structure (raising analysis: movement of relative head noun from the relativized site to the Spec, CP which is coindexed with trace left behind by movement, or base generated analysis: head noun base generated in the Spec, DP which is coindexed with pronoun inside the relative clause), (b) presence of head (headed or head incorporated (free) relatives), hierarchical position of head (externally/internally headed relatives), linear order of head and RC (head-initial/final relatives), types of head (generic, specific, definite or indefinite noun) in restrictive and non-restrictive relatives, (c) position of Det with respect to N and RC, (d) position of relativisation occurance (subject, object, object of preposition…), (e) presence or absence of resumptive pronoun, that is relative clause underlyingly contains a pronominal which may be filled by a gap, and (f) possibility of embedding relatives within DP.
Ruhollah Mofidi
Abstract
The issue of noun’s I’rāb has been discussed as case in linguistic theories, and its different patterns and markers have been investigated in the languages of the world. The present study aimed at investigating the systematic patterns of case-marking and their grammatical behavior in Classical ...
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The issue of noun’s I’rāb has been discussed as case in linguistic theories, and its different patterns and markers have been investigated in the languages of the world. The present study aimed at investigating the systematic patterns of case-marking and their grammatical behavior in Classical and Standard Arabic based on linguistic theories within a typological perspective. Relying on structural and formal criteria (considering the final form of the words), two general patterns in Arabic case-marking are distinguished: a) nouns lacking a number suffix (i.e. single nouns and broken-plurals) make a three-way distinction of case (nominative vs. accusative vs. genitive); and b) nouns having a number suffix (i.e. duals, masculine sound-plurals, and feminine plurals) make a two-way distinction (nominative vs. oblique). The present study seeks to show dominant as well as exceptional patterns in a theory-oriented approach, and at some points, criticizes the Arabic traditional grammars for their analyses, presenting some questions for further analysis in future.
Azadeh Mirzaei
Abstract
In morphological typology, languages are divided into the three categories of flectional, agglutinative and analytic-based, in terms of conveying grammatical relations such as tense, aspect, gender and the like. Accordingly grammatical features of the verb like agreement, tense, mood, causativity, ...
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In morphological typology, languages are divided into the three categories of flectional, agglutinative and analytic-based, in terms of conveying grammatical relations such as tense, aspect, gender and the like. Accordingly grammatical features of the verb like agreement, tense, mood, causativity, transitivity and so forth are expressed through either affixation, stem changing or the use of separate words. In Persian, such grammatical relations are mainly stated by dependent words, detached from the predicate; Persian, therefore, is analytic in verb inflection. The present study investigates the way of conveying grammatical relations of verb in Persian based on Role and Reference Grammar (Van Valin, 2005). In Role and Reference Grammar, the predicate of a clause is comprised of one of three nexus types: coordination, co-subordination or subordination. Considering the analytic nature of Persian in terms of conveying the verb’s grammatical relation, in this study, verb formation is studied at the level of nuclear juncture according to Role and Reference Grammar.
