Mozhgan Homayounfar
Abstract
Ezafe has been studied for a long time by Iranian as well as non-Iranian linguists from different angles – from its morphological status – as a linker, clitic or phrasal affix- to its function – as a case-assigner, phonological linker or head marker inside NPs. This paper focuses on ...
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Ezafe has been studied for a long time by Iranian as well as non-Iranian linguists from different angles – from its morphological status – as a linker, clitic or phrasal affix- to its function – as a case-assigner, phonological linker or head marker inside NPs. This paper focuses on the status of Ezafe morpheme –e from all aspects of status, position in NPs and its function altogether chasing the goal of integrating all reliable ideas on it in one research. It shows Ezafe morpheme is an enclitic enters in the syntax of the phrase which links the head noun to its post-nominal modifiers such as adjective phrases, possessive NPs and nominal prepositional phrases. It attaches to the nominal heads as well as to the intermediate projections. The base-generated position of the head noun in Persian NPs is final but since there is a powerful tendency in prepositional languages for nominal heads to occupy the initial position of their projection, it moves to its surface position to the head of DP. Ezafe enclitic enters into the derivation of the noun phrase as a marker of this movement. This head-to-head movement happens in a cyclic manner, the nominal head uses the head position of all intermediate projections as the middle landing sites leaving a trace or a copy (according to the copy theory of movement, both in minimalist approach) behind, a copy which has sui generis morphological realization.
Laleh Molaei
Abstract
Agreement can be known as the phenomenon by which a word takes morphological features that originate somewhere else, i.e., a situation in which a target form has grammatical marking that is controlled by a controller. On the other hand, cross-referencing (when a verb is marked) is often used in the pro-drop ...
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Agreement can be known as the phenomenon by which a word takes morphological features that originate somewhere else, i.e., a situation in which a target form has grammatical marking that is controlled by a controller. On the other hand, cross-referencing (when a verb is marked) is often used in the pro-drop languages as a mechanism through which a verb is marked by bound elements in order to express its arguments. This kind of verb on its own suffices to represent its arguments, as it is inflectionally rich. Since Persian, as a pro-drop language, has the above-mentioned features, we can logically apply the term cross-referencing to Persian. But, it seems this term has not technically and comprehensively been investigated in this usage in Persian, and instead, agreement is usually used in this case. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate: Can cross-referencing be used for the typological situation of the Persian verbal agreement system? What are the components of the Persian cross-referencing framework? Can a technical field be proposed for cross-referencing in Persian? To do this, analyzing 43 standard colloquial Persian scenarios, this research characterized the components of the Persian cross-referencing framework, and introduced a technical field for the mentioned term based on typological approach according to Siewierska & Bakker (2005), and Corbett (2006). Besides, to select between agreement and cross-referencing, the study offered a two-way continuum.
