Esmaeil Safaei Asl; Rezamoead Sahraei
Abstract
Systemic functional grammar (SFG) is a theory which is very strong and so flexible that it addresses various research areas such as ‘language development in children’, ‘educational linguistics’, ‘computational linguistics’, and ‘clinical linguistics’. One ...
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Systemic functional grammar (SFG) is a theory which is very strong and so flexible that it addresses various research areas such as ‘language development in children’, ‘educational linguistics’, ‘computational linguistics’, and ‘clinical linguistics’. One of the other research applications of the mentioned theory is ‘language typology’. The research area of language typology within SFG is called ‘systemic functional typology’ or ‘systemic typology’ in short. In this paper, along with briefly introducing the book “Language Typology: A Functional Perspective”, we have tried to present a profile of ‘systemic typology’. To do so, at first, we have briefly reviewed the dominant approaches to language typology, i.e., holistic typology and partial typology, and the studies conducted in the framework of those approaches. Then parallel with the chapters of the book “Language Typology: A functional perspective”, we have mentioned the key points in systemic typology. Since the main objective of systemic typology is ‘to achieve empirical generalizations’, a large part of the introduction of systemic typology in this paper has been devoted to typological generalizations. In the end, an analysis of ‘word order typology’ has been touched upon, too.
Sepehr Seddiqi-nejad; Abbas Ali Ahangar; Behrooz Barjasteh Delforooz; Shahla Sharifi
Abstract
Based on linguistic typology approach and after analyzing the case-marking and agreement systems in (North and South) Bashāgardi according to Comrie (1978) and precise evaluation of findings according to the new theory of Zwart and Lindenbergh (2021), the present study aims to achieve a deeper explanation ...
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Based on linguistic typology approach and after analyzing the case-marking and agreement systems in (North and South) Bashāgardi according to Comrie (1978) and precise evaluation of findings according to the new theory of Zwart and Lindenbergh (2021), the present study aims to achieve a deeper explanation for those two systems’ function as well as the general alignment pattern of this dialect. In this regard, the research data has been gathered by interviewing ten native speakers, and then has been analyzed. According to the first findings, (North and South) Bashāgardi case-marking and agreement in non-past tense belong identically to the dominant and major pattern of (complete) accusative pattern, and in the past obey the dominant and shifting pattern of split-ergative or (complete) ergative pattern. Explanation of findings reveals that (North and South) Bashāgardi’s general alignment system uses the reverse and identical patterns in non-past and past tenses, respectively. Moreover, conditioned by the two categories of transitivity and tense, as the mirrors of inter-domain interrelations, these two language varieties exploit identical recessive and shifting alignment patterns in those two tenses as well, for which the appropriate explanations has been presented.
Zohreh Khorvash; Ahmadreza Lotfi
Abstract
Following Talmy’s classification of world languages in to two-category of verb-framed (V-language) and satellite-framed (S-language) that distinguishes between languages in terms of their encoding patterns of motion events, there has been a lot of investigations on different lexicalization patterns ...
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Following Talmy’s classification of world languages in to two-category of verb-framed (V-language) and satellite-framed (S-language) that distinguishes between languages in terms of their encoding patterns of motion events, there has been a lot of investigations on different lexicalization patterns of motion events across spoken languages over the past decades. This paper examines how Persian native speakers lexicalize motion events and what pattern of spatial encoding they follow. To this end, 25 Persian native speakers were asked to watch 12 short animated cartoons representing voluntary motion carried out in vertical and trajectory direction. After recording and transcribing of the participants’ utterances, the analysis of responses indicated that Persian speakers encode manner information mainly in other linguistic means, and they are more willing to describe path of motion in satellites. Based on this pattern of spatial encoding, Persian speakers follow a mixed typology to encode motion events and Persian is categorized in both S- framed and V-framed typologies.
Mohammad Dabir Moghaddam; Mahroo Abdollahi
Abstract
In word order typology, different languages are studied with respect to the order and sequence of their constituents and the classification and comparison of languages is carried out based on these orders. The present study describes word order in Baboli dialect in the framework of Dryer (1992). Data ...
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In word order typology, different languages are studied with respect to the order and sequence of their constituents and the classification and comparison of languages is carried out based on these orders. The present study describes word order in Baboli dialect in the framework of Dryer (1992). Data collection was done by both recording the answers provided by 10 local informants, 5 city dwellers, and 5 villagers to the questionnaire prepared for the present study and interviewing the aforementioned informants. The results indicated that compared with languages in its own geographical area (i.e. Eurasia), Baboli keeps a balance between the number of verb-medial (VO) and verb-final (OV) criteria, having 17 of each. In comparison with the languages of the world, though, Baboli has 16 criteria relevant to verb-final languages and 15 criteria relevant to verb-medial languages, showing a slight tendency towards verb-final languages. These results differ from those of contemporary Persian whose dominant tendency is towards verb-medial (VO) languages in comparison with both Eurasia languages- 12 criteria relevant to verb-final languages and 17 criteria relevant to verb-medial languages- and world languages- 15 criteria relevant to verb-final languages and 19 criteria relevant to verb-medial languages.
